Wargame Nexus
A Medical Emergency Response Team carries a casualty from an RAF Chinook to a waiting ambulance in Helmand, Afghanistan

MERT recovering a casualty, Helmand, 2007. POA(Phot) Sean Clee, © Crown copyright, OGL v1.0

Professional wargaming · Medical support

Rehearse the decision before it costs lives

For two centuries, militaries have tested their plans against a thinking opponent before committing to them. Wargame Nexus brings that discipline to the hardest problem in conflict: keeping the wounded alive.

1872The British Army publishes its first official war-game rules
1942Western Approaches Tactical Unit wargames the Battle of the Atlantic in Liverpool
2017UK MOD publishes its Wargaming Handbook through DCDC
10-1-2NATO's timeline in minutes and hours for treating the wounded

The problem

Time is the enemy of the wounded

NATO's 10-1-2 timeline sets the standard: ten minutes to stop catastrophic bleeding, one hour to advanced resuscitation, two hours to surgery. Every link in the chain of care has to hold.

In Afghanistan, the UK's Medical Emergency Response Team flew consultant-led care forward in RAF Chinooks to reach casualties faster. Real operations still put the chain under strain: limited helicopters, contested routes, overwhelmed facilities and incomplete information. Wargaming lets planners and clinicians find the weak points before real casualties do.

An RAF Chinook loadmaster watches the Medical Emergency Response Team embark at Camp Bastion
Chinook loadmaster embarks the MERT, Camp Bastion, 2009. Cpl Steve Bain, © Crown copyright, OGL v1.0

Land · Sea · Air

Casualty care is a joint effort

Getting a casualty from the point of injury to surgery depends on all three services working as one. That is the problem NEXUS was created to explore.

A British Army field ambulance waits beside an RAF Chinook at Camp Bastion
Ambulance meets a Chinook, Camp Bastion. Sgt Alison Baskerville RLC, © Crown copyright, Open Government Licence
Land

British Army

Combat medics, field ambulances and deployed hospitals carry casualties from the point of injury through the first links of the chain.

RFA Argus, the UK's primary casualty receiving ship, under way with a helicopter alongside
RFA Argus. POA(Phot) Paul A'Barrow, © Crown copyright, Open Government Licence
Sea

Royal Navy

RFA Argus carries a Primary Casualty Receiving Facility, a hospital at sea for operations far from land-based care.

An 84 Squadron RAF helicopter winches a crewman during a medical evacuation exercise
84 Squadron RAF medevac exercise. Cpl Phil Dye, © Crown copyright, Open Government Licence
Air

Royal Air Force

From MERT Chinooks to search and rescue and strategic aeromedical flights, the RAF moves casualties fast and far.

A reconstruction of the 1824 Prussian Kriegsspiel played on a map with wooden blocks and dice
Kriegsspiel reconstruction. Photo by Matthew Kirschenbaum, CC BY-SA 4.0

A proven British method

In 1942, in a room beneath Western Approaches Command in Liverpool, a team of naval officers and Wrens used a tabletop wargame to beat the U-boats. Western Approaches Tactical Unit, led by Captain Gilbert Roberts RN

Their games produced new convoy-escort tactics, such as “Raspberry”, which were taught to escort commanders and used in the Battle of the Atlantic. It remains one of the clearest examples of wargaming changing the outcome of a campaign.

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